"Blast their homes" order of BS Aquino III

condemned by multisectoral groups

Posted: August 20, 2012

 

               
   

■   Anakbayan protest picket at DPWH main office

 

   
   

■   Anakpawis relief operations  in Pangasinan

 

   
   

■   CONTEND-UP forum on the politics of relief operations and charity work

 

   
   

■   A Preliminary Analysis on the Impacts of Typhoon Gener and Habagat,

 

 Urban Housing and Disaster Response by Catherine Abon

 

   
   

■   Poems by Emil Yap and Mac Ramirez

   
               

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Posted: August 20,  2012

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Click here for Pinoy Weekly report on relocation from danger zone to death zone

Bomb threats from Malacanang Palace
 
   
   


 
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Photos courtesy of El Bacani/UPSIO and Anakpawis partylist as indicated by the filenames
           
     

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Kalipunan ng Damayang Mahihirap - National Capital Region
Press Statement:
Reference Person: Leah Valencia, Secretary General-Kadamay NCR l 09219748372

Solusyon ni PNoy sa problema sa baha, pagpapasabog sa maralita.

Hindi nakitaan ng kaunting malasakit sa maralita si Pangulong Noynoy Aquino simula ng siya ay malulok sa pwesto kahit pa pakunwari niyang sinasabi na tayo ang “Boss” niya. Agarang sinisi ng Malakanyang na ang maysala sa matinding pagbaha ng Metro Manila ay ang mga maralitang-lunsod dahil sila ang mga nakatira sa mga estero, kanal at mga tabing dagat. Sila rin ang pinagbibintangang nagtatapon ng trak-trak na basurang inanod ng baha sa Manila Bay.

Ang mas matindi pa, sa miting ng NDRRMC (National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council) sa Malakanyang noong nakaraang Lunes ay tinukoy ng Malakanyang na ang malaking pinanggagalingan ng malawakang pagbaha ay ang mga maralitang-lunsod. Ayon kay Sec. Singson ng DPWH, “Kung nais natin na bigyang solusyon ang malawakang pagbaha, kailangan natin ng malalim na political will. Kung hindi aalis ang mga maralita sa kanilang mga tinitirikang bahay, pasasabugin namin ang kanilang mga kabahayan.”

Dapat kondenahin ng mamamayan ang pahayag na ito ng Malakanyang at ni Sec. Singson. Kalakhan sa mga naapektuhan at biktima ng matinding pagbaha ay mga maralitang nawasak ang kabuhayan at paninirahan. Sa datos ng Kadamay-NCR, aabot ng mahigit sa 200,000 pamilya ang naapektuhang maralita sa kalakhang Maynila pa lamang. Maliit na bahagi ito sa tinatayang 2 milyong pamilyang apektado sa 4 na rehiyon sa Luzon. Tayo na nga ang biktima at nangangailangan ngunit tayo pa rin ang patuloy na sinisisi ng rehimeng ito.

Isang sanhi ng pagdami ng basura sa Manila Bay ay ang pagpapahintulot ng Department of Environment and Natural Resources sa pagtatayo ng Obando, Bulacan Landfill kung saan ay nasa baybay dagat lamang ng Manila Bay na sa panahon ng tag-ulan ay hindi maiiwasang anurin ang basura at mapunta sa mga karatig nitong lugar. Hindi mga maralitang-lunsod ang nagtatapon ng basura sa mga estero at sa Manila Bay, sa katunayan ang karamihan sa mga maralita ngayon ay nabubuhay na lamang sa pangangalakal, pamumulasi o pamumulot ng basura upang mapagkakitaan at bumuhay sa kanilang mga pamilya. Walang kapasidad ang mga maralitang bilhin ang mga plastik-plastik na produktong makikita sa mga basurahan dahil sa kaliitan ng kanilang kita.

Ang pagtatayo mismo ng mga floodway na gaya ng Manggahan, Napindan at Tripa De Galena floodway ang isang dahilan kung bakit lalong lumalala ang pagbaha sa Kalakhang Maynila. Pinipigilan nitong lumabas ang natural na daloy ng tubig mula sa Lawa ng Laguna dahil ayaw nilang magtuloy-tuloy ang tubig baha sa Ilog Pasig sa takot na bahain ang mismong Malakanyang.

Idagdag pa sa pagkakalabas ng Exec. Order #79 o ang Mining E.O, lalo lamang nitong pinatitindi ang pagsasamantala ng mga malalaking kompanya ng pagmimina para wasakin ang mga kabundukan at kagubatan sa paggamit ng “open pit mining”. Ito ang dahilan sa mabilis na pagragasa ng tubig baha mula sa mga kalbong kabundukan at naiipon ang tubig sa mga malalaking DAM na walang habas na nagpapakawala ng kanilang tubig kapag nasa kritikal na antas na.

Sa inilabas na pahayag ng Inquirer noong bagyong Gener, sinabi dito na ang isang mayor na dahilan ng pagbaha sa Marikina ay ang pagkakaroon ng mga malalaking istruktura na naitayo sa mga natural na daanang-tubig gaya ng Marikina River. Noong hindi pa naitatayo dito ang SM at Provident Village, hindi nakakaranas ng matinding pagbaha ang Marikina. Pinapalayas ang mga maralita sa mga tinatawag nilang “Danger Area” ngunit matapos silang palayasin ay tinatayuan naman ng mga naglalakihang imprastraktura o negosyo gaya na lamang ng dabu-dabu island na ngayon ay kinatatayuan ng SM Mall of Asia.

Malinaw sa pahayag na ito ng Malakanyang na gusto lamang niyang siguraduhin ang mabilisang pagpapatupad ng kanyang mga proyekto sa ngalan ng PPP (Public Private Partnership) tulad ng Manila Bay Reclamation Project na nasa ilalim ng National Reclamation Project. Isa sa mga rekisitos upang maipatupad ang naturang reklamasyon ay ang paglilinis ng mga waterways o estero kaya naman ganun na lamang ang kanyang pagmamadali na idemolis ang kabahayan ng mga maralita. Sa pagpapatupad nito lalo nitong palulubugin ang Metro Manila dahil sa pagbabara ng natural na daluyang-tubig at wawasak sa mga malalaking ilog gaya ng Pampanga River, Pasig River, Paranaque River, Las Pinas at Bacoor. Sinisira at sisirain nito ang natural na balanse ng ating ekosistema sa ngalan ng pakinabang ng kanyang mga mas pinapaborang malalaking negosyante gaya nina Lucio Tan, Henry Sy, Ayala, DMCI, Danding Cojuangco at iba pa, pinapayagan ni PNoy na tuluyang lunurin at patayin sa baha ang mga maralita.

Hindi umaayaw ang mga maralita na iwanan ang mga danger zone na kinatitirikan ng kanilang mga kabahayan, ang inaayawan ng mga maralita ay ang alisin sila sa kanilang mga kabuhayan at ilipat sa mga relocation site na unti-unting papatay sa kanila gaya ng naganap sa Kasiglahan Village, Southville 1 at Northville nito lamang panahon ng habagat.

Pilit niyang pinagtatakpan at inililihis ang mas malaking kasalanan niya sa mamamayan sa patuloy na pagpapabaya sa kanyang tungkulin bilang pangulo. Nalantad ang kawalang kahandaan at kakayahan nito sa mga ganitong klase ng kalamidad. Kahiya-hiya, palpak at anti-maralita ang isang pamahalaan na hindi man lamang kayang protektahan ang kanyang mamamayan sa panahon ng sakuna, sa halip na kalingain sila sa panahon ng paghihirap at sakuna ay patuloy pang isinisisi.

Ang patuloy na pagpapanatili sa sadlak na kalagayan ng maralita ang patunay ng kanyang kriminal na kapabayaan at pag-abandona ng pamahalaan sa kanyang mamamayan. Sa pagpapanatili nito ay patuloy na naiipon ang galit ng mamamayan. Ang kinikimkim na galit ng mamamayan sa mahabang panahong pagtitiis sa kahirapan at kaapihan ay tiyak na magmimistulang bulkang sasabog anumang oras. Ang pagsabog na iyan ang dapat katakutan ng rehimeng ito. ###

 

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Youth group condemns Palace order to “blast” urban poor’s homes,

holds protest in front of DPWH


by ANAKBAYAN on Aug 16, 2012 • 11:13 am • No Comments
 

Anakbayan, organization of young workers, peasants, urban poor youth and students, held a protest action and hurled paint bombs at the Department of Public Works and Highways office in Manila this morning. Said protest is reaction to Malacañang Palace’s recent marching orders to forcibly relocate some 195,000 families residing in Metro Manila waterways and Laguna de Bay, “blast” their homes if necessary.

Anakbayan deputy secretary-general Edward Pastor said that President Aquino’s lucid instruction for DPWH to demolish and forcibly evict those families, “bared his utter contempt and disgust for poor people (workers, urban poor, peasants and fisher folks) who insisted to hold on to their modest homes and properties despite dangers posed by massive floods”.

“It is the height of insensitivity for the Aquino administration to issue such statement during these desperate times and even to blame allegedly “hard-headed” victims for their suffering”, the youth leader added. Especially because it is the government’s unpreparedness, continuation of destructive polices and disregard for the environment which have contributed to the disaster, the youth group said.

The Aquino administration has no clear policy and framework on disaster risk reduction and management. It vetoed a proposed P5 billion calamity preparedness fund in the 2011 national budget whereas the Dept. of Budget and Management has only released a meager 11% of the Dept. of Interior and Local Government’s barangay disaster preparedness fund. It even canceled 19 flood control and post-Ondoy and Pepeng rehabilitation projects.

“To say that the forceful eviction of people from their homes ‘for their own protection as well as to help mitigate against floods’ is downright sham”, Pastor said. The youth leader cited the case of some 3,000 families who were demolished and relocated in Kasiglahan Village, Montalban, Rizal (see attached picture). Said relocation area stood on a reclaimed river and a substandard dike gave away following persistent rains, causing water to rise at unprecedented levels.

“Funding for DPWH’s flood control and mitigation master plan will just be 352 billion pesos worth of taxpayers’ money to be used for violent demolitions and evictions”, the youth leader added.

Even worse are the Aquino administration’s policies which are favorable to foreign large-scale mining and logging corporations, real estate developers, as well as those operating hydro-electric power plants and dams. Large-scale logging result to deforestation of watershed areas, lessening its capacity to absorb rainwater in soil. Hydro-electric dam operators storing water up to dangerous water levels were also pinpointed as major factor in the Ondoy and Pepeng disasters.

“Blasting people’s homes is what the President gets for playing too much PSP (PlayStation Portable). He should start implementing genuine and strategic disaster preparedness and reduction programs, as well as steps to curb environmental degradation instead”, Pastor ended. ###


Anakbayan activists protest  "Blast their homes" order of Aquino III
DPWH Main office, Intramuros, Manila
August 16, 2012
Photos by Anakbayan
 
     
     
     



Click on image to hear sound bytes
 
     

 

 

Singson on Monday, Aug. 13:
--------------
“If you recall, last year doon sa ‘Pedring’ when we visited the Pampanga delta, ano, may mga nakita kami doon na mga malalaking structures within the water channel. So we have started removing and I just received instructions from the President that [if] push comes to shove we will have to blast ‘yung mga kabahayan doon kung hindi pa sila aalis within a certain period.”
----------
Singson on Tuesday, Aug. 14:
------------------
Interviewed over Radyo Inquirer 990AM on Tuesday, Singson clarified that he was referring to dikes, not the squatters’ homes, when he talked about the government’s plan to “blast” structures that were blocking waterways.
---------


His problem is that there is a video recording of what he said which can not be interpreted in any other way.
 

           

CONTEND-UP FORUM:
A roundtable discussion on the politics of relief operations
and charity work in the post-disaster era
UP Recto Hall
August 16, 2012
 
     
     

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Welcome Remarks

by Roland Tolentino
Solidarity not Charity: Ang Politika ng Kawanggawa,

CONTEND FORUM, 16 Aug 2012 Recto Hall
 

Pagbati, I do not want charity, I want solidarity
 

Magandang umaga sa ating lahat. Ang CONTEND o Congress of Teachers and Educators for Nationalism and Democracy ay binubuo ng mga progresibong guro rito sa UP Diliman. Ang isa sa layunin ng CONTEND ay makapagpaunlad ng mataas na politikal na talakayan hinggil sa napapanahong isyu.

At ano pa nga ba itong mas napapanahon pang isyu kundi itong serye ng pagbaha sa isang panahong walang bagyo, at ang tanging deskripsyon sa okasyong ito ay Habagat floodings. Mahalagang masuri ang mga inisyatiba ng pamahalaan, negosyo, at pribadong institusyon at mamamayan hinggil sa isang post-disaster na sandali: ang relief operations.

Panahon ang disaster sa pagpapatingkad ng kontradiksyon ng estado. Dito natin nasisilip ang kanyang kawalan-nagawa, ginawa, at ginagawa dahil wala ito sa ekonomikong interes ng negosyo. Ang disaster ang nagpapaigting lamang ng mga historikal at panlipunang kontradiksyon ng bansa: ng estado laban sa mamamayan kaya parating hindi lubos ang preparasyon para maibsan ang alam namang paparating na mga disaster, at ang tugon sa panahon at matapos ang disaster. Matagal nang minarkahan ang mga katawan at komunidad na higit na maeetsapwera, lalo na sa panahon ng disaster, at pati sa relief operations nito. Matagal na silang nakapila para sa serbisyo publiko na manaka-nakang ipinagkakaloob ng pamahalaan.

Nakakabig tayo rito sa UP dahil sa gitnang uring panuntunan ng post-disaster management. Una, sa kauna-unahang pagkakataon, ang pagbaha ay nasa internet at social networking sites. Naging personalido at higit na pribatisado ang ating pag-like at pag-repost ng mga imahen ng lumulubog na kalabaw sa Marikina riverbanks, ng kumbersyon ng mga anderpas sa Makati at Maynila sa swimming pool, at ng mga sanggol na inililikas ng kanilang magulang sa mga batya. Na kahit hindi tayo aktwal na nasalanta, kaya nga tayo nakakapag-Facebook at Twitter pa, ay dahil nga may gitnang uring probisyon tayong tinangkilik.

Ikalawa, nagpaantig ang ating damdamin. Nalungkot at na-guilty. Na parang may akawntabilidad din tayo sa naganap. At ikatlo, ang mismong pagtugon ng relief operations, nakatulong ba talaga ito? Na ang dehumanisasyon naganap sa disaster ay muling nagpapatuloy sa pagpila’t pagbulyaw, pag-aantay, at photo-ops ng namumudmod ng relief.

Ikatlo, sa post-disaster na era, nagpapatuloy ang pag-take-advantage ng estado sa krisis: panahon na ng malawakang pag-blast sa mga tirahan ng maralitang tagalunsod, hindi pa rin bumababa ang presyo ng gasolina, at tinitiyak sa atin na muling tataas ang bayarin natin sa kuryente at iba pang probisyon.

Narito tayo ngayong umaga para sipatin ang naganap, nagaganap at muli pang magaganap na tugon ng estado, at ang pribatidong paglahok ng marami sa atin sa post-disaster relief operations.

Sana rin ay tumungo tayong muli rito sa Pulungang Recto sa Septyembre 19, 930 ng umaga, para naman sa talakayan hinggil sa 40th anibersaryo ng pagpataw ng batas militar, at ang patuloy nitong legacy sa bansa sa pamamagitan ng malakas na militar, malakihang budget para sa military, Oplan Bayanihan, at political killings.

Magandang umaga sa ating lahat.

 

     
           
     
     
     

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Bayan blasts arrogant, reckless, anti-poor Aquino order on Metro waterways dwellers

News release
August 14, 2012
 

Multisectoral group Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (Bayan) today hit the order attributed to President Benigno Aquino III to “blast” homes along waterways if their occupants refuse to relocate, calling it grossly arrogant and reckless, and blatantly anti-poor.
 

“Either Aquino is just trigger-happy, plainly ignorant or simply unmindful of the reasons why hundreds of thousands of urban poor families are forced to live in danger zones such as waterways. No parent in his or her right mind will put the lives of his or her children at a great risk by choosing to live along esteros, creeks and other flood-prone areas. They are there because they have no other option. Because of poverty and decades of government neglect, they don’t have access to safe, decent housing,” said Bayan secretary general Renato Reyes.
 

Bayan also pointed out that huge business and residential structures are also to blame for clogged waterways that exacerbate flooding in Metro Manila. “We doubt if Aquino will blast as well the malls, the buildings and big houses to implement his flood control and mitigation masterplan. He’s picking on only the small and weak,” Reyes said.
 

Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Secretary Rogelio Singson said Monday that the President has ordered him to relocate 125,000 families living along waterways in Metro Manila and an additional 70,000 around Laguna de Bay. Aquino reportedly instructed Singson “that if push comes to shove, we will have to blast these houses.”
 

Bayan noted that government has not even laid out a sustainable mass housing plan and continues to lag in meeting the massive national housing backlog. According to the group, the Aquino administration’s 2013 proposed national budget has allocations for just 20,000 informal settler families living in danger areas in Metro Manila, worth ?10 billion.
 

It said that Aquino could not assure the relocation of the 195,000 families he wants removed from waterways and Laguna de Bay as the national housing backlog next year is pegged at a huge 3.55 million units, of which almost 1.08 million are in Metro Manila, while the target of the Aquino administration is to construct just 1.38 million units.
 

The group added that many relocatees have also left the relocation sites due to lack of livelihood and essential services like water and electricity, among others.
Further, the regular Resettlement Housing Program of the National Housing Authority (NHA) even suffered a ?0.6 million cut under Aquino’s latest budget proposal. What increased notably, said Bayan, is the Community Mortgage Program (CMP), which will double from the current ?500 million to ?1 billion next year. But urban poor families could hardly afford the amortization under CMP schemes, and most of them eventually lose their homes due to lack of sustainable livelihood.
 

“Families forced to live in danger areas should be moved to safer communities suitable for decent living and it’s certainly the job of government to implement it. But statements like that of Aquino’s, which is not even backed by a comprehensive plan, is totally reckless, arrogant and anti-poor,” said Reyes. (End)

 

     
     
           
     
     
     

Anakpawis Partylist relief operations in Pangasinan
In coordination with Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas
and Rural Missionaries of the Philippines' Sagip Kanayunan.
in Binmaley and Calasiao towns
August 16, 2012
 

 

Media Release
14 August 2012

Aquino told: Stop blaming the poor for crimes of the rich

“Stop blaming the poor for the crimes of the rich and the government.”

This was labor center Kilusang Mayo Uno’s statement today as it condemned the Aquino government’s plan of “blasting” structures along waterways to supposedly ease flooding in Metro Manila, saying the move is a knee-jerk anti-poor reaction.

The plan was announced by Public Works secretary Rogelio Singson last Saturday, after a Cabinet meeting presided over by Pres. Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III.

“The existence of so-called illegal structures is not one of the main reasons for flooding in Metro Manila. The lack of disaster preparedness, wanton logging and mining activities, dam owners’ greed, failure to desilt Laguna Bay and other waterways, and unplanned urban development – these are the main reasons for heavy flooding,” said Elmer “Bong” Labog, KMU chairperson.

“These are actually crimes not of the poor but of the rich, with the connivance of the government. The Aquino government is actually blaming the poor who are victims of the government’s pro-rich policies,” he said.

“The Aquino government’s policy is more of a knee-jerk anti-poor reaction of a spoiled haciendero than a carefully studied move. It is a signal of even more violent demolitions of urban and rural poor communities,” he added.

Disaster preparedness, belated

The labor center also slammed the Aquino government’s belated implementation of disaster preparedness projects, citing Singson’s announcement last Monday that P5 billion is being alloted to the immediate repair and upgrading of several dikes in Metro Manila.

“What a shame. The Aquino government took disaster preparedness seriously only after a national disaster and the death of many of our kababayans,” Labog said.

“It took the Aquino government two years to pick up where it left off with the cancellation of flood control projects worth P1.9 billion in July 2010. Perhaps it has now rechanneled kickbacks to its allies’ pockets,” he added.

“To cover up for its refusal to take disaster preparedness seriously, the Aquino government is now blaming the poor for the heavy flooding. The president and his class should look themselves in the mirror and see who the real culprits for this national disaster are,” he said.

Reference: Elmer “Bong” Labog, KMU chairperson, 0908-1636597

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Media Release
15 August 2012

KMU supports Pag-asa employees’ fight for benefits

Labor center Kilusang Mayo Uno lauded today employees of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (Pag-asa) for holding a protest over suspended cash benefits, expressing its support for the government employees.

Pag-asa employees held a protest yesterday to call for the resumption of their hazard pay and other allowances which were suspended last March.

News on the protest depicted an employee earning P12,000 a month after working at Pag-asa for 16 years and another who died for failing to finance his medication for diabetes.

“We are revolted to learn that employees working to bring us news of typhoons are being devastated by their employer, the government,” said Elmer “Bong” Labog, KMU chairperson.

“Pres. Aquino has repeatedly scolded Pag-asa for its weather forecast, safely ignoring his government’s responsibility for the government agency’s performance,” he added.

KMU criticized Pres. Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino for lecturing Pag-asa employees about their duties while refusing to give a date as to when they will get their benefits back.

“He should stop lecturing Pag-asa employees about their duty to the nation amidst the typhoon season and start addressing the demands of these government employees,” Labog said.

“General promises with no timetables won’t do. If Pres. Aquino really wants Pag-asa employees to fulfill their duties to the nation well, then he should immediately act on their just demands,” he added.

“Pag-asa employees have shown their worth for the nation with years of dedicated service while Pres. Aquino has not proven his worth in terms of genuine service amidst the disasters hitting the country,” he said.

KMU expressed its full support for the Pag-asa employees and reiterated its support for calls, led by the Confederation for Unity, Recognition and Advancement of Government Employees or Courage, for a P6,000 increase in government employees’ minimum pay.

“We are calling on Congress to immediately increase the minimum pay of government employees by P6,000 by passing House Bill 3746,” Labog said.

“We urge government employees to continue to fight back like the employees of Pag-asa. Let us fight demoralization by standing up for our rights to higher salaries and benefits, job security, and free exercise of rights at the workplace,” he added.

Reference: Elmer “Bong” Labog, KMU chairperson, 0908-1636597

     
     
     
           
     
     
     
           

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BOOM!
Ni Emil Yap


nakakagulat ang tugon
sa mga susuway
sa mga pasaway
mga bahay
magkakahiwahiwalay
BOOM!
dahilan daw ng pagbaha
ang mga matitigas ang ulo
na nagkalat sa kamaynilaan
at kanugnog bayan
sila ay mahihirap
na makikita kung saan saan
nakatira sila
sa mga gilid ng kanal at pusali
bangketa at kariton
tabing riles, container van
sa loob ng mga sementeryo
ilalim ng mga tulay
gilid ng mga ilog
gilid ng bangin
gilid lansangan
gilid eskinita
gilid haywey
gilid subdivision
gilid presinto
gilid piitan
gilid bahay
gilid ilog
sa mga baybay lawa
o basta sa lahat yata ng gilid
naroroon sila
sila ang mahihirap
makikita pa rin sa
abandonadong bilding
lumang lantsa at mga balsa
sila ang nagtitirik
ng istruktura na
kay sakit sakit sa mga mata
ng mga dayuhang
bisita at turista
mga barung barong
na tagpi tagpi
na yari sa mga materyales
na kung saan saan
din nangagaling at nagmula
walang kaayusan
hilatsang ayaw na ayaw
ng mga mayayaman
sila ang mahihirap
ang mga inpormal setler
sa makabagong panahon
ang mga iskwater
kung tawagin noon
sila nga ba ang dahilan
ng malawakang pagbaha
ang dahilan kung bakit
hindi makadaloy ang mga tubig
sa mga kanal, estero't pusali
sa mga imburnal, ilog at lawa
at matapos ang trahedya
na bumalot sa atin
malawakang paglilinis
ang isasagawa ng gobyerno
na mapagkalinga kuno
sa mahihirap ng bayan
sa mga kolonyang parang kabuti
na dumarami at nadodoble
sa pagkagat ng gabi
sila ang mahihirap
ang matitigas ang ulo
na nagsusumiksik
sa mga mapanganib na pook
kung saan saang sulok na danger zone
sa mga bakanteng ispasyo
sa mga nakakatakot na lugar
sila ang mahihirap
na nagtitiis at pikit matang
kumaka'pit na lamang
sa mga mababaho at nakakadiring
tambakan at bundok ng basurahan
mga alanganing topogropiya
na totoong kalunos lunos
kahit walang lupa
basta may puwang
maitayo lamang ang haligi
na bubuo ng tahanan
tahanang magdudulot
ng init ng munting pangarap
maghahatid ng tuyong magdamag
upang maiunat lamang
ang mga pagal na katawan
na maghapon nagpapawis
at nagpakahirap
upang mabuhay lamang
ng isang kahig at isang tuka
ang pamilyang minamahal
sila ang mahihirap
na laging nasisisi
sa mga trahedyang bayan
dumadaan
at anu ang tugon
ng butihing gobyerno
sa halip na makapagbalangkas
ng makataong programa
na papawi sa kahirapan
kautusan ipinalabas
ng mga pulitiko't teknokrat
isang daang libo kabahayan
agarang lalansagin, gigibain
sampung bilyon pondo
mabilisang gugugulin
mawala lamang
mga inpormal setler
na kasuklam suklam
sa kanilang mga mata
na ayaw makita
sa magrereklamo ang banta
BOOM!
sa lahat na susuway
bahay nila na mabubuway
tiyak na magkakagutay gutay
BOOM!

silang mahihirap

emil yap
tag ulan, agosto, 2012
zapote

 

x

 

Matitigas Nga Ang Ulo Namin

(Tugon sa Paninisisi )
ni Emil Yap

matitigas nga ang ulo namin
(tugon sa paninisisi )

Hindi ko matanggap
na sa kabila ng lahat
sila pa ang iyong sisisihin
at sabihang matitigas pa
ang ulo
kay galing mo namang
magbalasa ng mga titik
at salita na hitik
sa pangungutya
gayong hinambalos na
ng trahedya itong bayan
sinu nga ba ang matigas ang ulo
ang mga taong sa iyo nakapaligid
o ang mga tao na iyong pinaglilingkuran
sinu nga ba ang matigas ang ulo
ang mga milyunaryo na araw at gabi
sa iyo ay nakabakod
o ang mga taong araw at gabi
ay nangangarap lamang
ng kaunting kaginhawahan sa buhay
napakadaling maghanap ng masisisi
laluna yaong hindi mo kauri
subalit marami ka ngang hindi
mauunawaan at maiintindihan
kahit ilang daang beses ka
magpabalikbalik
sa mga evacuation center
at mamudmud ng dalawa,
pangtatlo o apat na kainang
pang tawid gutom
hindi mo nga mauunawaaan
ang matulog sapin ang mga karton
at magsumiksik sa init na likha
ng sari saring amoy ng trahedya
hindi mo nga maiintindihan
dahil di ka malilipasan ng gutom
sa mga oras ng kainan
hindi ka makakaranas ng araw at gabi
na susuong sa baha
upang pumasok at magtrabaho
at kumita o sumahod ng barya
kumpara sa iyong SALN
na di nababawasan
hindi mo nga mauunawaan
ang totoong kalagayan
ng aba mong kababayan
dahil tuwing sasapit ang tag ulan
bubuksan muli ang mga dam
at daang buhay muli ang mawawasak
dapat bang maulit muli ang mga tagpo
dahil muling nagsibalik ang mga mahihirap
sa mga lugar na declared na danger zone
tagpong pagpapalikas
at sapilitang pagpapalikas
at muli babansagang matitigas ang ulo
ang mga komon na tao
hindi mo mauunawaan
hindi mo maiintindihan
samantalang sisihin mo ang mga mahihirap
bakit sila bumabalik at nagsisitirik
ng mga tagpi tagping tirahan
sa mga gilid estero
at mababahong kanal at pusali
bakit walang may ari ng minahan
ang napaparusahan
kung paulit ulit na guguho
ang mga kabundukan
bakit walang plantang kemikal
ang nagmumulta
sa pagkasira ng mga ilog at lawa
bakit walang nakukulong na kapitalista
kung makalbo man ang kagubatan
at kahit ilang tulay at dike
ang magiba at bumigay
may nasisi ba na malalaking kontraktor
ang alam ko ay sisishin ang mga mahihirap
dahil sa mga basura na lulutang sa mga ilog
at baybay dagat ng kamaynilaan
dahil sila ay matitigas ang ulo
hindi mo mauunawaan
hindi mo maiintindihan
hindi mo mauunawaan
hindi mo maiintindihan
hindi mo mauunawaan
hindi mo maiintindihan
ang katigasan ng ulo

ng kahirapan

tag ulan, agosto 2012
emil yap
zapote

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

           
     
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Ang kapabayaan at pananagutan ng rehimeng US-Aquino sa mga naganap na delubyo

 

by ANAKBAYAN on Aug 11, 2012 • 7:39 pm • No Comments
Ang ulan ay dulot ng kalikasan. Pero ang baha at iba pang sakuna ay dulot ng tao.

Sa mga baha na puminsala sa malaking bahagi ng Luzon, malaki ang pananagutan ng Rehimeng US-Aquino sa sambayanang Pilipino.

Sa loob ng ilang araw, ibinagsak sa malaking bahagi ng Luzon ang tubig-ulan na katumbas ng karaniwang ibinabagsak ng dalawang buwan. Subalit sa kapabayaan ng Rehimeng US-Aquino, kasama ang iba pa nitong mga kontra-mamamayang patakaran, ang nasabing ulan ay naging trahedya at sakuna.

80% ng kabuuang Metro Manila ang nalubog sa baha. Kasama sa mga naapektuhang lugar ang Central Luzon at Southern Tagalog, tinatayang nalubog ang 90 na munisipalidad. 60 mamamayan ang namatay at halos 2 milyong Pilipino ang naapektuhan sa iba’t-ibang antas.

Sinisisi ng Rehimeng US-Aquino ang mga biktima ng sakuna para pagtakpan ang malaking pananagutan nito. Ayon sa rights-based approach (pananaw ng mga nagsusulong ng kahandaan sa sakuna), ang pamahalaan ang may pangunahing tungkulin para pigilan ang mga sakuna, hindi ang indibidwal na Pilipino.

PAG-ABANDONA SA PAGHAHANDA

Walang aktwal na mga programa o plano ang Rehimeng US-Aquino para sa disaster risk reduction o pagbawas ng epekto ng sakuna sa mamamayan o aktwal na pagpigil sa sakuna. Bagkus, ang pinaglalaanan lamang nito ng pansin ay ang disaster response o ang pagtugon na lang kapag may sakuna na.

Makikita ito sa pagkansela ng rehimen sa 19 proyektong flood control (pagkontrol sa baha) na nagkakahalagang P 1.9 bilyong piso, tulad ng mga dam at dike sa iba’t-ibang bahagi ng Central Luzon.

Kahit ang mismong pondo para sa response ay bitin na bitin: karaniwan ay 20 bagyo ang tumatama sa Pilipinas kada taon. Dalawang mayor na sakuna (isang bagyo, isang malakas na pag-ulan) pa lamang ang tumatama sa bansa, P5.9 bilyon na ang nagastos sa kabuuang P7.5 bilyon na calamity fund ng gobyerno.

PAGLAGAY SA MAHIHIRAP SA PANGANIB

Nilagay ng Rehimeng US-Aquino sa matinding kapahamakan ang daan-daang libong mga maralitang-lungsod sa hindi pagbibigay ng disenteng kabuhayan, pabahay, at mga serbisyong panlipunan. Dahil sa matinding kahirapan, pinipili ng mga maralita na manatili sa kanilang mga tahanan, kahit nasa mga lugar na palagiang binabaha ang mga ito, kesa mapunta sa mga relocation sites na malayo sa kanilang kabuhayan.

Mismong ang mga nasabing relocation sites ay nasa alanganing lugar: kitang-kita sa balita na ang mga nasabing lugar sa Rizal ay lagpas-bubong ang mga baha. Ibang klase ang kapal ng mukha ng Rehimen para ipagpilitan ang mga maralita na tumira sa mga lugar na kasing panganib ng kanilang mga lumang tirahan, wala pang kabuhayan at mga serbisyo.

PAG-WASAK SA KALIKASAN

Isang malaking salik kung bakit tumitindi ang mga baha ng mga nakaraang taon sa iba’t-ibang bahagi ng bansa ay dahil sa pagkalbo sa mga kabundukan. Maraming kabundukan ang nagsisilbing watershed o taga-salo ng tubig bago ito pumunta sa mga ilog at sapa. Dahil sa kawalan ng mga puno, hindi nananatili sa ilalim ng lupa ang tubig-ulan, bagay na nagdudulot ng mabilis na pagtaas ng tubig sa mga ilog.

Bagama’t ipinagmamalaki ng Rehimeng US-Aquino na may total log ban na, sa totoo ay nagpapatuloy pa rin ang pagputol ng mga puno sa pamamagitan ng mga ‘ligal’ na operasyon ng pagtotroso, malakihang operasyon ng pagmimina, at mga plantasyon ng mga malalaking panginoong maylupa at mga agri-korporasyon.

Ang mga hydroelectric power plants na pinapatakbo ng pribadong sektor ay nag-iipon ng tubig sa mga dam hanggang sa mapanganib na lebel at nagpapakawala lang ng malaking bolyum ng tubig sa mga huling minuto. Ito ay para mapamura ang halaga ng electricity production at dagdag tubo para sa kanila.

Winawasak ng mga mapaminsalang polisiya ng rehimeng US-Aquino ang kalikasan sa ngalan ng tubo at interes ng mga dayuhan at lokal na negosyo. Dapat aktibong lumahok ang mga kabataang nagmamahal sa sariling bayan at kalikasan sa mga pakikibaka ng mamamayan upang ipagtanggol ito at panagutin ang mga tunay na maysala sa kahirapang dinaranas ng buong sambayanan. ###

 

     
           
     
     
     

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13 August 2012
For immediate release

Reference: JOMS SALVADOR, Deputy Secretary General (0918 9182150) / Public Info Dept (3712302)

GABRIELA counterblasts PNoy's "Matuwid na Waterway" plan vs urban poor

MANILA - URBAN poor women's groups are up in arms over remarks attributed to President Benigno Aquino's "marching orders" for the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) to blast 195,000 families residing along waterways in Metro Manila and Laguna de Bay

GABRIELA deputy secretary general Joms Salvador said the remarks made by DPWH Secretary Rogelio Singson to media about implementing a 352-billion peso flood control masterplan were not just deplorable but diabolical and dastardly.

"The real fascist face of PNoy is getting more and more exposed by the day with Singson's alleged instructions from PNoy that if push comes to shove, they blast our houses not for our own protection, but all in the name of Matuwid na Waterway for his cronies and foreign capitalist friends," Salvador said.

GABRIELA leaders are also denouncing the plan to relocate settlers from so-called danger zones to Death Zones such as in Rodriguez, Rizal where not only jobs do not exist but massive landslides and flooding threatens relocatees.

The women's alliance, currently providing emergency food and health care assistance to thousands of displaced women and their families under their relief project Lingap Gabriela, said that PNoy's desire to blast them unmasked the other side of the premature senatorial campaigning among flood victims.

"This is the ultimate irony, that PNoy and his Liberal Party cohorts were all smiles handing out bread and circus to the victims yet he blames the poor for our problems and really want them blasted out after his sneaky ocular inspection to find the first victims for blasting," Salvador said.

GABRIELA vowed to launch protest actions in the affected communities and organize self-defense campaigns for the urban poor women to defend and protect communities from the impending DPWH blasting operations.

"Instead of the inhumane DPWH blitzkrieg, the government should address the basic health and housing needs of the poor, and for the long term, should provide on-site rehabilitation and development of flood-prone communities," Salvador added. ###


Public Information Department
GABRIELA National Alliance of Women in the Philippines
(+632) 3712302

 

--------------------------------------

 

NEWS RELEASE
17 August 2012

For Reference: REP LUZ ILAGAN 0920-9213221
Jang Monte (Public Information Officer) 0917-4049119

GABRIELA SOLON WARNS AGAINST RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN PLANS TO CLEAR INFORMAL SETTLERS

Gabriela Women's Party Representative Luz Ilagan today cautioned President Aquino, the DILG and Metro manila mayors following a directive to implement the clearing of 125,000 families residing beside Metro Manila waterways and some 62,000 more families alongside Laguna Lake.

The Gabriela solon said recent statements from Malacanang to "clear" and "blast" informal settlers in the guise of flood-control operations forebode violence and massive human rights violations.

“These statements are in fact, shrouded threats of violence against urban poor families especially since many urban poor communities have witnessed bloody and violent demolition episodes like those in Corazon de Jesus in San Juan, Silverio Compound in Paranaque and North Triangle in Quezon City.”

The Gabriela solon further said that clearing efforts must be accompanied with carefully planned relocations. “These efforts must be carefully planned. You cannot relocate informal settlers from danger zones to equally hazardous and deadly locations like Kasiglahan Village in Rodriguez, Northville in Bulacan and Southville in Laguna."

"All efforts to clear and relocate informal settlers must be done with utmost respect for basic human rights with the recognition of existing social realities, of poverty, landlessness and unemployment that led these families to live in these danger zones,” concluded Ilagan.#
__._,_

 

 

     
     
           
     
     
     

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KALIKASAN PEOPLE’S NETWORK FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
26 Matulungin St. Central Dist., Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, 1100
Tel./Fax; +63 (2) 924-8756; E-mail: kalikasan.pne@gmail.com
Website: www.kalikasan.net
PRESS RELEASE
14 August 2012

PNoy order to “blast communities” shows depth of ignorance on addressing disaster risk

Environmental groups under the Kalikasan People’s Network for the Environment decried the orders of Pres. Benigno Aquino III to forcibly relocate some 195,000 families situated in waterways, and to “blast” their homes if needed.

“The depth of the President Aquino’s ignorance regarding disaster risk reduction and community vulnerability is apparent in his proposed ‘by hook or by crook’ solution. The use of threat and force to relocate people as suggested by President Aquino clearly shows incomprehension and indifference to the real reasons why poor people risk living in dangerous and disaster-prone areas like waterways.” said Clemente Bautista, national coordinator of Kalikasan PNE.

This was part of the Aquino government’s master plan to clear water channels of all obstructions to address, once and for all, the perennial flooding in Metro Manila and other parts of Luzon. Early this year, Aquino also ordered the demolition of small-scale mining communities in Pantukan, Compostela Valley away from vulnerable areas.

“In their Marcosian approach, the Aquino government wants to remove these poor people yet providing no housing or livable resettlement areas, alternative livelihoods, and financial support. The Aquino administration is so ignorant to not know that the most-affected areas of the recent ‘Habagat’ flooding were resettlement areas like in Quezon City and Rizal province,” said Bautista.

Various groups have earlier also decried PNoy’s cancellation of 1.9 billion pesos worth of flood control projects prior to the storms brought by the typhoon-enhanced southwest monsoon rains.

“Why do we hear of PNoy’s supposed master plan to address flood risks just now when the damage to communities has been done and the pending flood projects have been cancelled? We have long called for a community-based approach in building the capacities of communities to prepare and respond to disasters, and to engage in disaster mitigation and environmental management. But the communities are time and again perceived as nothing but ‘obstructions’ that can be cleared away,” lamented Bautista.

“Ironically, PNoy has failed to put a stop to development aggression activities that further destroy watersheds and other ecosystems that regulate floods and other hydro-meteorological disasters. Large-scale mining corporations have been exempted from standing log bans, and mining applications that cover vast tracts of forests have been validated by the new mining executive order. Meanwhile, magnetite mining and reclamation projects further erode our coasts and destroy our mangroves and other natural buffers against storm surges,” Bautista pointed out.

Kalikasan challenged the Aquino administration to refrain from anti-people rhetoric and to refocus their efforts and resources towards disaster preparedness and vulnerability reduction. “Channeling a huge budget allocation away from debt-servicing and towards livelihood-creation and effective flood-control projects is a sure formula to make communities and families resilient to flooding,” Bautista said.###
 

     
           
     
     
     

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August 14, 2012
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Reference: Garry Martinez, Chairperson, 0939-391441

Migrante blasts “matapobre” Aquino gov’t

Global alliance of overseas Filipinos Migrante International today slammed the Aquino government’s plan to “blast the homes” of some 195,000 families living in waterways to allegedly resolve heavy flooding in Metro Manila.

Yesterday, DPWH Sec. Rogelio Singson announced that he was instructed by Pres. Aquino to “blast” the homes of Filipinos living in waterways as part of Malacanang’s P325-billion so-called flood control and “mitigation masterplan”.

According to Garry Martinez, Migrante International chairperson, “The government’s plan to demolish homes is no plan at all. It is not a solution but an aggravation of the problem. Sagad-sagaring matapobre si Aquino at mga kasamahan niya sa Malakanyang habang nagpapakasa sa aircon, masarap na pagkain, tuyong damit at maayos na tulugan.”

He said that the problem with Malacanang is that it is addressing the flood problem in a “matapobre perspective.”

“We cannot expect a government that blames the poor for the flooding to act wisely and conscientiously. Kung makapanisi ay para bang walang pananagutan ang gobyerno at para bang pinipili ng mga kababayan nating masadlak sa kawawang kalagayan nila. What the government should be doing is thinking of ways to uplift the lives and housing situation of our poor countrymen, not strip them of their homes and livelihood,” Martinez said.

He said that Aquino should realize that disaster risk management and flood-control problems are ultimately issues of the poor. “Ang mahihirap ang laging nabibiktima, ang mahihirap ang laging matindi ang pagkasalanta. Sadly, this government fails to prioritize the poor.”

Martinez also slammed the Aquino administration for its “bully” statement.

“Umaastang siga rin ang gobyerno. Ang dating ay, ‘kung hind kayo aalis ay pasasabugin namin kayo’. No heart, no consideration and empty bravado. They are forcing urban poor families to self-evict to where? Are there decent houses waiting for them? Even the government’s relocation sites are flood-prone and more dangerous.”

“We advise Aquino to descend from his high chair and address the roots of the problem, namely, the housing problem, lack of jobs and livelihood, low wages, incessant price hikes and landlessness in rural areas. “ ###

 

           
           
     
     

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Blame the victims
by Mac Ramirez
 

For stubbornly insisting
on calling the rivers
and waterways their homes ,
blame them for their misfortune!

For being subjected
to flood waters as high houses,
and being stripped off their
worldly belongings
as incessant rains poured
from the heavens for weeks on end,
blame them for their misfortune!

For refusing
to be ‘rescued’ from their inundated homes
only to be hauled to pigsties they call
‘evacuation centers’ ,
blame them for their misfortune!

For having to line up for hours,
clothes wet and ankle deep in muck and mud,
for food and water rations courtesy
of vote hungry and shameless politicians,
blame them for their misfortune! 


 

 

 

 

For refusing
to leave their houses,
their roof above their heads,
however deplorable and dangerous;
for insisting to hang on to their homes
because society failed to provide them
with this very basic human necessity,
blast their houses if you must,
then blame them for their misfortune!

 

           


KALIKASAN PARTYLIST
August 20, 2012
PRESS STATEMENT

A Preliminary Analysis on the Impacts of Typhoon Gener

and Habagat, Urban Housing and Disaster Response
by Catherine Abon

MSc. AGHAM - Advocates of Science and Technology for the People

(Note: This statement was released earlier this morning during a press conference co-organized by Kalikasan Partylist, Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (BAYAN), KADAMAY and SAVE LAGUNA LAKE in Diliman, Quezon City)

Flooding occurs whenever a watershed receives more water than it can handle. There are two types of flooding, fluvial and local flooding. The former is caused by a certain flow that exceeds the capacity of a stream or drainage channel hence it overtops its natural or artificial banks and the latter happens when water accumulates in a local depression and/or due to poor drainage system (See Note #1).

Precipitation is the primary determinant of flooding and not the shanties

The meteorological events—typhoon Gener and Habagat rainfall in August 5-9 brought around 500 mm in just 24hrs. This amount even surpassed the rainfall from 2009 Typhoon Ondoy. It must be noted therefore that the main cause of flood is the sheer volume of rainfall from these meteorological events.

The long duration of rainfall made the ground saturated enough, thereby decreasing the rate of infiltration and consequently increasing the amount of run-off such that the sheer volume of rainfall on Aug. 6-7 produced a huge volume of water that flooded Marikina and Metro Manila. For the Marikina River Basin with an area of 535 km2, assuming that the run-off coefficient is 0.8 (means 80% from precipitation is translated to run-off) a 500 mm rainfall would have produced an estimated volume of 214,000,000* m3 (214 million cubic meters or 214 billion liters) of water flowed in the Marikina River. With this volume of water, the floodplains will surely be flooded with or without the houses along the banks and in the waterways.

The presence of the structures will not change the volume of the floodwater although these will account for an increase in the roughness of the surface. The physical effect of this increase in roughness is the a decreased water velocity along the river (See note #2).

Velocity decreases as the roughness increases. Estimates of roughness range from 0.035 for smooth channels and up to 0.060 for rough channels. Water velocity increases by a factor of 1.7 when the roughness is decreased from the maximum to the minimum. A flood velocity then of say 2.3 m/s at roughness 0.035, when the roughness increases to 0.060 slows down to 1.3 m/s. The houses in the waterways may account for higher factor of velocity impediment would not be high enough to be the primary cause of flooding especially for a fluvial torrent of this magnitude. Moreover, urban poor homes are usually built with stilts and with narrow alleyways (not a total blockade) where the flowing water eventually finds its way and flow towards an exit. On the other hand, it is local flooding that will be exacerbated by the clogged waterways and esteros where the high amount of rainfall together with local depressions and low-lying areas result to restricted drainage in some parts of the Metro.

The Philippines is geographically situated in a region where most of the typhoons pass through and experience meteorological conditions that bring rain (NE Monsoon or Amihan, SW Monsoon or Habagat, and the Intertropical Convergence Zone or ITCZ). Flooding is therefore a perennial hazard.

As far as studies are concerned, there have been studies since 1980’s on flood hydraulics of the Marikina River (Tabios, 2009). We now have institutions equipped with modeling and computing capabilities for rainfall prediction and flood forecasting but it seems that they have not yet been fully maximized and that our “preparation” remains insufficient.

Green group calls for flood drills and disaster awareness

A more sustainable plan, not only in the urban areas but equally important in the entire watershed unit (the upper watershed of Marikina River Basin includes the foot of the Sierra Madre Mountain ranges where logging and quarrying are being done) should be put in place. Engineering measures could also be done but the safety and welfare of the people such as affordable and decent housing and jobs should be given priority consideration. Instead of drastic measures being proposed to remove shanties, community flood drills should be immediately conducted before more rains come in the remaining months of the year.
 

 

 

Kalikasan Partylist calls on the government to allocate resources and funds needed for local disaster response systems to properly act. There should be consistent monitoring and updating of areas which are vulnerable to widespread flooding or flash floods (especially in low-lying areas or communities near large dams and rivers) and landslides (especially in geohazard zones and deforested areas). All support must be given to ensure prompt and proper warning, evacuation and rescue of communities in danger, especially among the urban and rural poor.

 

Kalikasan Partylist earlier urged the public to remember three major steps to prepare for the coming rains. First, to be aware of the risks and hazards in your local area. Second, to inform your communities of these risks. These can take the form of discussions or a public map of the vulnerable areas of local flooding in your vicinity. Lastly, we call on the public to take to action to reduce flood risk that will involve your local barangays, businesses, homeowners and most especially the youth such as proper waste management and disposal.

Kalikasan Partylist is a progressive political party formed to protect the environment and defend the people's welfare. It is comprised of individuals and various sectors which support pro-people, pro-Filipino and pro-environment policies, reforms and programs. It is one of the first green political parties in the Philippines.

References: Ms. Catherine Abon, +639208406054
Contact: Lisa Ito-Tapang, Kalikasan Partylist Public Information Officer at 09178179955.

Kalikasan Partylist
Address: # 26 Matulungin Street, Barangay Central, Diliman, Quezon City 1100
Website: www.kalikasanpartylist.org
Email: kalikasanpartylist.pid@gmail.com

Facebook: Kalikasan Partylist

Twitter: @KalikasanParty

Telephone: +632.434.3173

------------------------------------------------------
NOTES:

*Run-off Volume Calculation:
Run-off coefficient = 0.8
Marikina watershed area = 535 km2 = 535000000 m2
Rainfall (24 hours) = 500 mm = 0.5 m
Volume = 0.5 x 535000000 = 267500000 m3
Run-off volume = 267500000 x 0.8 m3 = 214000000 m3

Note #1.

To understand what happens to the rainwater that fell on a certain watershed, one needs to look into the hydrologic cycle which is given by the following equation:
Precipitation = Run-off +Abstraction + Evapotranspiration (1)

Where Abstraction includes:

Infiltration + Depression Storage + Interception (2)

The right-hand side of the equation (1) are the processes that occur once the rainwater reached the surface and these are governed by the physical characteristics of a watershed such as initial conditions, land-use, and soil type among others. The amount of run-off (the component of rainwater that causes flooding) is highly affected by soil type and land-use. Sandy soils can lead to faster infiltration rate as compared to clayey soils. In terms of land-use, thick vegetation can increase interception and infiltration while paved roads and cemented grounds can lead to minimal or even no infiltration.


Note #2.

This can be easily seen in the discharge (Q) equation. The quantity to express the volume of water that passes through a stream channel at a certain time interval is discharge (commonly referred to as Q with unit of m3/s). This can be expressed simply as
Q = A*V (3)
Where A is cross-sectional area (m2) and V is velocity (m/s).
This is similar to Manning’s equation as:
Q = (1/n) AR(2/3)So(1/2) (4)
Where the quantity n which is roughness coefficient accounts for the roughness of the channel or surface where the water is flowing, R is hydraulic radius, So is bed slope.
From (3) and (4), the velocity (V) is:
V = (1/n) R(2/3)So(1/2)

 

 

           
           
           
           

 


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